MY BODY

ARE YOU READY FOR LEARNING ABOUT OUR BODIES?

In the last unit, we learnt about the animal kingdom and about the characteristics of the animals. Now it is our turn to learn about ourselves.

The topic about the body has been organized into different sections.

1. Sections of the body
2. Parts of the body
• Parts of the face
3. Joints
4.  Muscles
5. Bones
6. The five senses
• Hearing
• Touch
• Smell
• Taste
• Sight
7. Systems:
• The digestive system
• Respiratory system
• Circulatory system
• Nervous system
• Reproductive system

1. SECTIONS OF THE BODY

The human body has three sections: the head, the torso and the limbs. The head is on top of the shoulders, and it includes the neck. The torso covers the neck and the hips. And finally, the limbs consist of the arms and legs. Here is a picture: 

2. PARTS OF THE BODY

Here is a picture with the name of the different parts of the body. They are all external parts of the body. 

In terms of parts of the face, there are eyes, nose, mouth, ears, cheek, chin, nostril, eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash and lips.

Mouth - you use your mouth to talk, to eat and to breathe.

Nose - You can smell things with your nose. You can also breathe through your nose.

Nostrils - these are the two holes in your nose

3. JOINTS

The skeleton makes up about 30-40% of an adult’s body mass. The skeleton’s mass is made up of non-living bone matrix and many tiny bone cells. Roughly half of the bone matrix’s mass is water, while the other half is collagen protein and solid crystals of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. The point where two bones meet is known as a joint. The human body has three main types of joints;

·        Fibrous. These type of joints are held by ligaments and are immoveable.

·        Cartilaginous. These are partially movable.

·        Synovial. These are the most movable joints of the three types. And also more susceptible to damage.

4. MUSCLES

Muscles are how we move and live. All movement in the body is controlled by muscles. Some muscles work without us thinking, like our heart beating, while other muscles are controlled by our thoughts and allow us to do stuff and move around. All of our muscles together make up the body's muscular system. 

There are over 650 muscles in the human body. They are under our skin and cover our bones. Muscles often work together to help us move. We don't really have to think about moving each individual muscle. For example, we just think of running and our body does the rest.

Muscles work by expanding and contracting. Muscles have long, thin cells that are grouped into bundles. When a muscle fiber gets a signal from its nerve, proteins and chemicals release energy to either contract the muscle or relax it. When the muscle contracts, this pulls the bones it's connected to closer together.

Many of our muscles come in pairs. An example of this is the biceps and triceps in our arms. When the biceps contract the triceps will relax, this allows our arm to bend. When we want to straighten our arm back out, the biceps will relax and the triceps will contract. Muscle pairs allow us to move back and forth.

5. BONES

A) Facts about bones

1. Our body has 206 bones in it.

2. Our largest bone is the thigh bone.

3. Our smallest bone is a tiny bone inside the ear.

4. All the bones that make up your body are called your skeleton.

B) Characteristics of bones

1. Bones have a hard outside and a spongier inside.

2. The bones are made up of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Collagen.

3. Bones meet at places called joints. We have joints like hinges in our fingers. We have joints in our hips like a ball and socket.

4. Your bones are alive and can repair themselves if they get broken.

C) Functions of the bones

1. The bones protect your organs

2. The bones give shape and support to your body. 

5. THE FIVE SENSES

Senses allow us to observe and understand the world around us. There are five main ways we can do this: through sight (with our eyes), touch (with our fingers), smell (with our nose), taste (with our tongue) and hearing (with our ears).

1. There are five senses – sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing.
2. Our senses help us to understand what’s happening around us.
3. Our senses send messages through receptor cells to our brain, using our nervous system to deliver that message.
4. There are four kinds of taste receptors on the tongue – bitter, sweet, salt and sour.
5. Some parts of the skin are more sensitive than others – this is because they have more receptor cells.
6. We taste food using both our sense of taste and smell.
7. It’s fun to experiment with your senses – for example, make a chart of what foods taste bitter, sweet, salty and sour.

 7. SYSTEMS

Our body is a remarkable biological machine with many systems working together to allow for life, movement, cognitive function, growth, repair, reproduction and so much more. These systems include the central nervous system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skeletal structure and musculature.

Circulatory system

The heart is one big pump made of muscle fibres. Its job is to circulate blood around body so that oxygen and nutrients can be delivered to cells, carbon dioxide can be removed and infections fought. Blood is transported around the body through blood vessels that are split into two functions, carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart, and carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart. Because the heart is a muscle, physical exercise helps keeps it healthy and working well so you can live longer.

The digestive system

The purpose of the digestive system is to break down food into components the body can use, like glucose for energy, protein for building and repairing cells, and extracting vitamins, minerals and amino acids for cell function. The digestive system begins with the mouth, where teeth mash food, the tongue moves it around, and saliva lubricates it and begins digestion. Upon swallowing, food travels down the oesophagus and into the stomach where acid kills bacteria and breaks down food further. The liquid food then enters the small intestine. After travelling through 20 feet of small intestine, food passes into the large intestine, or colon, where water is absorbed. The final stop is the rectum, where indigestible food matter and gas are passed through the anus.

Respiratory system

The function of the lungs is to exchange oxygen. Humans have two lungs side by side, but they’re not the same size. The left lung is slightly smaller to make room for the heart. Each lung is divided into lobes. The right lung has three lobes, the left, two. When breathing, air enters the respiratory system through the nose or mouth. Hairs in the nose and mucus in the sinuses trap dust and germs. As air travels down the trachea it is warmed.

Nervous system

The nervous system connects all your body parts and transmits signals from one part to another. It is a system of cells, tissue and organs that regulate the body’s responses to internal and external stimuli. This system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells, known as neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially the body’s electrical wiring. Structurally, the nervous system has two components: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Reproductive system

The reproductive system’s function is to create new life so that genes can be passed along to future generations. A woman’s reproductive organs include a pair of ovaries that form eggs and the uterus, where a baby gestates until it’s ready to be born. A man’s reproductive organs include the testes, where sperm is formed, and a penis for delivering sperm into the uterus.

Now, let’s try to summarize all this information. Go to the following link and enjoy my presentations! Are you ready to do yours? Let´s do it!

https://view.knowledgevision.com/presentation/03383e38c4c94d8aa1af744e99c118cf