ARE YOU READY FOR LEARNING ABOUT OUR BODIES?
In the last unit,
we learnt about the animal kingdom and about the characteristics of the
animals. Now it is our turn to learn about ourselves.
The topic about the
body has been organized into different sections.
- Sections of the body
- Parts of the body
- Parts of the face
- Joints
- Muscles
- Bones
- The five senses
- Hearing
- Touch
- Smell
- Taste
- Sight
- Systems:
- The digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
- Nervous system
- Reproductive system
- SECTIONS OF THE
BODY
The human body has
three sections: the head, the torso and the limbs. The head is on top of the shoulders, and it includes the
neck. The torso covers the neck and the hips. And finally, the limbs consist of
the arms and legs. Here is a picture:
- PARTS OF THE BODY
Here is a picture
with the name of the different parts of the body. They are all external parts
of the body.
In terms of parts
of the face, there are eyes, nose, mouth, ears, cheek, chin, nostril,
eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash and lips.
Mouth - you use your mouth to talk, to eat and to
breathe.
Nose - You can smell things with your nose. You can
also breathe through your nose.
Nostrils - these are the two holes in your nose
- JOINTS
The skeleton makes up about 30-40% of an adult’s body mass. The
skeleton’s mass is made up of non-living bone matrix and many tiny bone cells.
Roughly half of the bone matrix’s mass is water, while the other half is
collagen protein and solid crystals of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
The point where two bones meet is
known as a joint. The human body has three main types of joints;
·
Fibrous.
These type of joints are held by ligaments and are immoveable.
·
Cartilaginous.
These are partially movable.
·
Synovial.
These are the most movable joints of
the three types. And also more susceptible to damage.
- MUSCLES
Muscles are how we move and live. All movement in the body is controlled by
muscles. Some muscles work without us thinking, like our heart beating, while
other muscles are controlled by our thoughts and allow us to do stuff and move
around. All of our muscles together make up the body's muscular system.
There are over 650
muscles in the human body. They are under our skin and cover our bones. Muscles
often work together to help us move. We don't really have to think about moving
each individual muscle. For example, we just think of running and our body does
the rest.
Muscles work by
expanding and contracting. Muscles have long, thin cells that are grouped into bundles. When a muscle fiber gets a
signal from its nerve, proteins and chemicals release energy to either contract
the muscle or relax it. When the muscle contracts, this pulls the bones it's
connected to closer together.
Many of our muscles
come in pairs. An example of this is
the biceps and triceps in our arms. When the biceps contract the triceps will
relax, this allows our arm to bend.
When we want to straighten our arm back out, the biceps will relax and the
triceps will contract. Muscle pairs allow us to move back and forth.
5. BONES
A) Facts about
bones
1. Our body has 206
bones in it.
2. Our largest bone
is the thigh bone.
3. Our smallest bone is a tiny bone inside the ear.
4. All the bones
that make up your body are called your skeleton.
B) Characteristics
of bones
1. Bones have a
hard outside and a spongier inside.
2. The bones are
made up of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Collagen.
3. Bones meet at
places called joints. We have joints like hinges in our fingers. We have joints
in our hips like a ball and socket.
4. Your bones are
alive and can repair themselves if they get broken.
C) Functions of
the bones
1. The bones
protect your organs
- THE FIVE SENSES
Senses allow us to observe and understand the world around us. There are
five main ways we can do this: through sight (with our eyes), touch (with our
fingers), smell (with our nose), taste (with our tongue) and hearing (with our
ears).
- There are five senses – sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing.
- Our senses help us to understand what’s happening
around us.
- Our senses send messages
through receptor cells to our brain, using our nervous system to deliver
that message.
- There are four kinds of taste receptors on the
tongue – bitter, sweet, salt and sour.
- Some parts of the skin are more sensitive than
others – this is because they have more receptor cells.
- We taste food using both our sense of taste and
smell.
- It’s fun to experiment with your senses – for
example, make a chart of what foods taste bitter, sweet, salty and sour.
7.
SYSTEMS
Our body is a
remarkable biological machine with many systems working together to allow for
life, movement, cognitive function, growth, repair, reproduction and so much
more. These systems include the central nervous system, the circulatory system,
the respiratory system, the digestive system, the immune system, the
reproductive system, the skeletal structure and musculature.
Circulatory
system
The heart is one
big pump made of muscle fibres. Its
job is to circulate blood around body so that oxygen and nutrients can be
delivered to cells, carbon dioxide can be removed and infections fought. Blood is transported around the body through blood
vessels that are split into two functions, carrying oxygenated blood away from
the heart, and carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart. Because the heart
is a muscle, physical exercise helps keeps it healthy and working well so you
can live longer.
The
digestive system
The purpose
of the digestive system is
to break down food into components
the body can use, like glucose for energy, protein for building and repairing
cells, and extracting vitamins, minerals and amino acids for cell function. The
digestive system begins with the mouth, where teeth mash food, the tongue moves
it around, and saliva lubricates it and begins digestion. Upon swallowing, food
travels down the oesophagus and into the stomach where acid kills bacteria and
breaks down food further. The liquid food then enters the small intestine.
After travelling through 20 feet of small intestine, food passes into the large
intestine, or colon, where water is absorbed. The final stop is the rectum,
where indigestible food matter and gas are passed through the anus.
Respiratory
system
The function of the
lungs is to exchange oxygen. Humans have two lungs side by side, but they’re not the same size. The left lung is
slightly smaller to make room for the heart. Each lung is divided into lobes.
The right lung has three lobes, the left, two. When breathing, air enters the
respiratory system through the nose or mouth. Hairs in the nose and mucus in
the sinuses trap dust and germs. As air travels down the trachea it is warmed.
Nervous
system
The nervous system connects all your body parts and
transmits signals from one part to another. It is a system of cells, tissue and
organs that regulate the body’s responses to internal and external stimuli.
This system is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells, known as neurons
that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essentially
the body’s electrical wiring. Structurally, the nervous system has two
components: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
Reproductive
system
The reproductive
system’s function is to create new life
so that genes can be passed along to future generations. A woman’s reproductive
organs include a pair of ovaries that form eggs and the uterus, where a baby
gestates until it’s ready to be born. A man’s reproductive organs include the
testes, where sperm is formed, and a penis for delivering sperm into the
uterus.
Now, let’s try to summarize all this information. Go
to the following link and enjoy my presentations! Are you ready to do yours?
Let´s do it!
https://view.knowledgevision.com/presentation/03383e38c4c94d8aa1af744e99c118cf
